Cold sores, also known as fever blisters, are caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV-1). After the initial infection, the virus remains dormant and can reactivate due to triggers like stress, illness, or sun exposure, resulting in painful blisters around the lips, nose, or chin. Antiviral medications such as acyclovir or valacyclovir can accelerate healing if taken early. Over-the-counter creams containing docosanol or lidocaine can also relieve discomfort. Natural remedies like aloe vera, lemon balm, or tea tree oil may help soothe irritation and support recovery.

To prevent outbreaks, it’s important to avoid common triggers like stress and excessive sun exposure. Maintaining a strong immune system through a balanced diet, regular exercise, and proper hygiene can reduce the frequency of flare-ups. Practicing good habits, such as frequent handwashing and avoiding shared personal items like utensils or towels, can also help prevent the spread of the virus to others.