A Historic Overhaul of SNAP

Starting this November, major changes to the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) will take effect under the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA) — the most sweeping reform to the nation’s food assistance program in decades. The new law reduces federal funding and tightens eligibility, marking a significant shift in how millions of Americans access food aid.

Expanded Work Requirements

The most notable update expands work requirements for able-bodied adults without dependents (ABAWDs).
Adults between 18 and 64 must now work or participate in job training for at least 80 hours per month to continue receiving benefits beyond three months in a three-year period.

Exemptions remain for people with disabilities and parents caring for young children. However, exemptions for veterans, individuals experiencing homelessness, and young adults aging out of foster care have been removed.

Limited Waivers for States

States can still request waivers to suspend work rules, but the process is now stricter. Waivers will be granted only in areas where unemployment is at least 10%, or in Alaska and Hawaii when it exceeds 150% of the national average.

Changes to Immigrant Eligibility

The OBBBA also narrows SNAP eligibility for non-citizens. Only U.S. citizens and lawful permanent residents now qualify for benefits. Previously, certain non-citizens, including those admitted for humanitarian reasons, were eligible. This shift is expected to affect tens of thousands of individuals each month.

Frozen Food Plan Adjustments

Another major change involves the Thrifty Food Plan (TFP) — the formula that determines monthly SNAP benefit amounts. Under the new law, updates to the TFP are frozen until October 2027, preventing cost-of-living increases during that period.

Impact on Millions of Americans

According to the Congressional Budget Office (CBO), the reforms could reduce participation by roughly 2.4 million people per month once fully implemented. Supporters argue the changes promote accountability and reduce fraud. Critics, however, warn the cuts could increase food insecurity among low-income families.

States Prepare for Implementation

State agencies are now updating systems and notifying recipients before the new rules take effect in November 2025. Some changes will roll out immediately, while others will phase in over the next several months.