Kansas City is currently grappling with an “unprecedented” tuberculosis (TB) outbreak, impacting two counties with health officials warning that the spread remains active and may not yet be contained.

As of January 24, 2025, 67 cases of TB have been confirmed, making this the largest documented outbreak in U.S. history. Wyandotte County has been the most affected, with 60 cases, while Johnson County has reported seven, according to Jill Bronaugh, a spokesperson for the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE).

The outbreak, first reported in 2024, escalated rapidly, prompting concerns despite assurances from health officials that the general public remains at “very low risk.” Bronaugh stressed the need for vigilance, noting, “This outbreak is still ongoing, which means there could be more cases.”

To combat the spread, KDHE, local health departments, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have joined forces. Their efforts include tracking cases, treating those infected, and implementing preventive measures.

While the outbreak has strained local health resources, Kansas has seen significant progress in curbing TB on a statewide level. Active TB cases have dropped from 109 in 2024 to just one by early 2025, with latent infections decreasing from 626 to seven.

KDHE Deputy Secretary Ashley Goss described the outbreak as “unprecedented,” explaining its severity during a Senate Public Health and Welfare Committee session. She noted that while the situation remains serious, active TB cases in Wyandotte County have decreased from 65 last summer to around 32 as of now.

The CDC continues to work on-site alongside KDHE, providing support to contain the outbreak. Goss emphasized the importance of timely treatment for TB patients, explaining that individuals with active TB are generally no longer contagious after 10 days of medication and three negative sputum tests. “They can go about their lives, go back to work, as long as they continue their treatment,” she said.

TB, caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium, primarily affects the lungs but can also spread to other parts of the body, such as the brain, kidneys, or spine. It exists in two forms: latent TB, where the bacteria remain dormant without symptoms or risk of transmission, and active TB, which is contagious and potentially life-threatening.

Symptoms of active TB include a persistent cough lasting three weeks or more, chest pain, coughing up blood or mucus, fatigue, weight loss, fever, chills, and night sweats. The disease spreads through airborne particles when an infected person coughs, speaks, or sings, particularly in enclosed, poorly ventilated spaces. The bacteria can linger in the air for hours, putting those nearby at risk.

Prevention plays a critical role in controlling TB outbreaks. Treating latent TB is essential to prevent it from progressing to the active stage. Active TB requires several months of antibiotic treatment to eliminate the bacteria and prevent transmission.

The ongoing outbreak has underscored the importance of early detection, timely treatment, and public awareness in managing infectious diseases. While significant progress has been made, health officials continue to monitor and respond to the situation, aiming to curb the spread and mitigate its impact on the community.