1. What is Frank’s Sign?
Frank’s Sign refers to a diagonal crease running at roughly a 45° angle across the earlobe, also known as the diagonal earlobe crease (DELC). It was first described by Dr. Sanders T. Frank, who spotted this crease in 20 patients with angina.
Initially connected to coronary artery disease, later research has found the same crease present in patients with peripheral vascular disease and cerebrovascular disease as well. Essentially, the earlobe crease may be an external marker of poor bl00d circulation including in the coronary arteries rather than just a sign of aging.
2. Who commonly shows Frank’s Sign?
It is often followed in patients attending cardiology clinics, particularly those with a history of coronary artery bypass surgery. However, the presence of this crease in otherwise healthy individuals also suggests increased risk of vascular disease. Interestingly, the sign does not correlate with body weight because it can appear in both slim and overweight people.
3. Possible mechanisms behind Frank’s Sign
The exact cause remains uncertain. Some studies found that microvascular disease in the ear’s middle lobe – an area supplied by terminal arteries might be responsible. Others have recorded a link between shortened telomeres in Japanese patients with metabolic syndrome and general processes of vascular aging and atherosclerosis.
4. Levels of severity
The appearance of Frank’s Sign can be categorized by its depth, length, symmetry, and angle, which may help estimate cardiovascular risk:
- Incomplete crease on one earlobe – least severe
- Complete crease on one earlobe
- Creases on both earlobes – most severe
Conclusion
While Frank’s Sign alone does not confirm the presence of heart disease, it serves as an early war:ning sign. This makes it valuable for screening and raising suspicion of coronary artery disease, especially in individuals under 60 years of age. If you see this sign in yourself, a friend, or a family member, it’s wise to recommend a cardiovascular check-up.
